SCI
9 October 2024
Epigenetic tuning of PD-1 expression improves exhausted T cell function and viral control
(IF: Nat Immunol., 27.7)
Weiss SA, Huang AY, Fung ME, Martinez D, Chen ACY, LaSalle TJ, Miller BC, Scharer CD, Hegde M, Nguyen TH, Rowe JH, Osborn JF, Patterson DG, Sifnugel N, Mei-An Nolan C, Davidson RA, Schwartz MA, Bally APR, Neeld DK, LaFleur MW, Boss JM, Doench JG, Nicholas Haining W, Sharpe AH, Sen DR. Epigenetic tuning of PD-1 expression improves exhausted T cell function and viral control. Nat Immunol. 2024 Oct;25(10):1871-1883.
Correspondence: arlene_sharpe@hms.harvard.edu; dsen@mgh.harvard.edu
PD-1 is a key negative regulator of CD8+ T cell activation and is highly expressed by exhausted T cells in cancer and chronic viral infection. Although PD-1 blockade can improve viral and tumor control, physiological PD-1 expression prevents immunopathology and improves memory formation. The mechanisms driving high PD-1 expression in exhaustion are not well understood and could be critical to disentangling its beneficial and detrimental effects. Here, we functionally interrogated the epigenetic regulation of PD-1 using a mouse model with deletion of an exhaustion-specific PD-1 enhancer. Enhancer deletion exclusively alters PD-1 expression in CD8+ T cells in chronic infection, creating a ‘sweet spot’ of intermediate expression where T cell function is optimized compared to wild-type and Pdcd1-knockout cells. This permits improved control of chronic infection without additional immunopathology. Together, these results demonstrate that tuning PD-1 via epigenetic editing can reduce CD8+ T cell dysfunction while avoiding excess immunopathology.
PD-1是CD8+ T细胞活化的关键负调节因子,在癌症和慢性病毒感染中,耗竭的T细胞高度表达PD-1。尽管PD-1阻断可以改善病毒和肿瘤的控制,但生理性PD-1表达可以预防免疫病理并改善记忆形成。驱动耗竭状态下PD-1高表达的机制尚不完全清楚,这可能对于区分其有益和有害影响至关重要。在这里,我们使用一种耗竭特异性PD-1增强子缺失的小鼠模型,对PD-1的表观遗传调控进行了功能性研究。增强子缺失仅改变慢性感染中CD8+T细胞中PD-1的表达,创造了一个中间表达的“最佳点”,与野生型和Pdcd1敲除细胞相比,T细胞功能得到了优化。这使得在不进行额外免疫病理学检查的情况下,可以更好地控制慢性感染。总之,这些结果表明,通过表观遗传编辑调节PD-1可以减少CD8+ T细胞功能障碍,同时避免过度的免疫病理。
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