Declaration of interests
C Agostinis Sobrinho reports support for the present manuscript from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT; Portugal; CEECINST/00093/2021/CP2815/CT0001) and by FCT within the framework of the Sport, Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center (UID/6185/2023). R Ancuceanu reports consulting fees from Abbvie and Merck Romania; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Abbvie, Laropharm, Reckitt, and Merck Romania; and support for attending meetings and travel from Merck Romania and Reckitt; all outside the submitted work. M S Aslam reports grants or contracts outside the submitted work from Xiamen University Malaysia Research Fund (XMUMRF; grant number MUMRF/2025-C15/ITCM/0006; project title: therapeutic and toxicity evaluation of selected medicinal herbs for nafld: exploring the inter-organelle contact sites modulation theory; role: co-investigator; dates: January, 2025, to December, 2027 [ongoing], internal XMUMRF research grant administered by Xiamen University Malaysia; funds disbursed to institutional research account only; no salary, honoraria, or personal payments to author; and grant number XMUMRF/2023-C11/ISEM/0041; project title: children's rights education in the early years of divorce: an exploration of adolescents’ perspectives; role: co-investigator; dates: January, 2023 to December, 2025 [ongoing]; internal XMUMRF research grant administered by Xiamen University Malaysia; funds disbursed to institutional research account only; no salary, honoraria, or personal payments to author). A K M Azad reports support for the present manuscript from Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU; Riyadh 13318, Saudi Arabia) and other financial or non-financial interests outside the submitted work from the Deanship of Scientific Research, (IMSIU, Riyadh 13318, Saudi Arabia). E C Dee reports support for the present manuscript from the Prostate Cancer Foundation Young Investigator Award and through the Cancer Center Support Grant from the National Cancer Institute (P30 CA008748). L M Force reports support for the present manuscript from Gates Foundation and St Jude Children's Research Hospital; grants or contracts from St. Baldrick's Foundation, Conquer Cancer Foundation, and NIH Loan Repayment Program, outside the submitted work; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee, or advocacy groups, unpaid with the Lancet Oncology International Advisory Board, outside the submitted work. A Guha reports grants or contracts from the American Heart Association and the US Department of Defense; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee, or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the ZERO Prostate Cancer Health Equity Task Force; all outside the submitted work. C Herteliu reports grants or contracts from the project “Analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on the main demographic indicators in Romania and the Republic of Moldova by using econometric modeling” code PN-IV-P8-8.3-ROMD-2023-0208 funded by the Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization through UEFISCDI, grant of the European Commission Horizon 4P-CAN (Personalised Cancer Primary Prevention Research through Citizen Participation and Digitally Enabled Social Innovation), the project “Societal and Economic Resilience within multi-hazards environment in Romania” funded by EU NextgenerationEU, and the Romanian Government, under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan for Romania (contract number 760050/ 23.05.2023, cod PNRR-C9-I8-CF 267/ 29.11.2022), through the Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation, and Digitalization, within Component 9, Investment I8, and the project “A better understanding of socio-economic systems using quantitative methods from Physics” funded by EU NextgenerationEU and the Romanian Government, under National Recovery and Resilience Plan for Romania (contract number 760034/ 23.05.2023, cod PNRR-C9-I8-CF 255/ 29.11.2022), through the Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation, and Digitalization, within Component 9, Investment I8, all outside the submitted work. I M Ilic reports support for the present manuscript from the Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (number 451-03-137/2025-03/200110). M D Ilic reports support for the present manuscript from the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (number 451-03-47/2023-01/200111). T Joo reports support for the present manuscript from the National Research, Development and Innovation Office in Hungary (RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00006, Data-Driven Health Division of National Laboratory for Health Security). J J Jozwiak reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Novartis, Adamed, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Servier, all outside the submitted work. M K Kashyap reports grants or contracts from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi (# 5/13/55/2020/NCD-III; patents 2023-1100-3940 [Indian Patent-Pending] and 2023-1105-8515 [Indian Patent-Pending]); all outside the submitted work. J M Kocarnik reports support for the present manuscript from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation as an employee, the Gates Foundation (paid to his institution), and American Lebanese Syrian Association Charities (paid to his institution). M-C Li reports grants or contracts from the National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan (NSTC 113-2314-B-003-002) and the “Higher Education Sprout Project” of National Taiwan Normal University; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the Journal of the American Heart Association as Technical Editor; all outside the submitted work. K S-K Ma reports a research grant from the International Team for Implantology outside the submitted work. H R Marateb reports grants or contracts from Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) via salary, outside the submitted work. S A Meo reports grants or contracts from the Ongoing Research Funding Program (ORF-2025-47), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia outside the submitted work. S Nomura reports support for the present manuscript from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (24H00663), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology from the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JPMJPR22R8), and National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund (2024-A-14), all outside the submitted work. B Oancea reports support for the present manuscript from the MRID, project PNRR-I8 number 842027778, contract number 760096. S K Panda reports support for the present manuscript from Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (deemed to be University) via salary; grants or contracts outside the submitted work (from file number 17-59/2023-24/CCRH/Tech./Coll./ICMR-Diabetes/960) as co-investigator. R Passera reports participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board as Member of the Data Safety Monitoring Board dello studio “Consolidation with ADCT-402 (loncastuximab tesirine) after immunochemotherapy: a phase II study in BTKi-treated/ineligible Relapse/Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) patients” – Fondazione Italiana Linfomi, Alessandria (Italy), unpaid; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, unpaid, as Member of the EBMT Statistical Committee, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Paris (France), and as past Member 2020-2023 (biostatistician) of the IRB/IEC Comitato Etico AO SS. Antonio e Biagio Alessandria-ASL AL-VC (Italy); all outside the submitted work. R G Pestell reports support for the present manuscript from research grants W81XWH-22-BCRP and RGH_L_2024, from CytoDyn as a consultant, via travel support, as owner of stock and warrants and sponsored research, from StromaGenesis, EcoGenome, and LightSeed as CEO and owner of company and patents, from Shenandoah Pharmaceuticals; and ioROC Therapeutics as CEO and owner of company; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events outside the submitted work from HUN_REN National Advisory Board (Hungary) and National Cancer Institute NCI Cancer Center Reviewer – subcommittee A. Y L Samodra reports grants or contracts from School of Public Health, TMU, Taiwan; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with Benang Merah Research Center (benangmerah.net) as Co-Founder; other financial or non-financial interest with Jago Beasiswa (idebeasiswa.com) as Scholarship Mentor; all outside the submitted work. M Šekerija reports consulting fees from Roche; payment of honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers, bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Astellas; all outside the submitted work. V Sharma reports other financial or non-financial support from DFSS (MHA)‘s research project (DFSS28(1)2019/EMR/6) at Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, and RUSA grant to Panjab University by Ministry of Education, Government of India, outside the submitted work. V Shivarov reports a patent with the Bulgarian Patent Office; other financial or non-financial interests from ICON plc via a salary; all outside the submitted work. M Sikdar reports other financial or non-financial interests outside the submitted work with the Anthropological Survey of India; all opinions expressed by the author are entirely personal and do not reflect the views or official position of the Anthropological Survey of India. J A Singh reports consulting fees from ROMTech, Atheneum, Clearview Healthcare Partners, Yale, Hulio, Horizon Pharmaceuticals/DINORA, ANI/Exeltis, USA, Frictionless Solutions, Schipher, Crealta/Horizon, Medisys, Fidia, PK Med, Two Labs, Adept Field Solutions, Clinical Care Options, Putnam Associates, Focus Forward, Navigant Consulting, Spherix, MedIQ, Jupiter Life Science, UBM LLC, Trio Health, Medscape, WebMD, Practice Point Communications, the National Institutes of Health, and the American College of Rheumatology; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from the speaker's bureau of Simply Speaking; support for attending meetings and travel as a past steering committee member of OMERACT, an international organization that develops measures for clinical trials and receives arm's length funding from 12 pharmaceutical companies; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board, unpaid, with FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with OMERACT as past steering committee member; stock or stock options in Atyr Pharmaceuticals, Atai Life Sciences, Kintara Therapeutics, Intelligent Biosolutions, Acumen Pharmaceutical, TPT Global Tech, Vaxart Pharmaceuticals, Atyu Biopharma, Adaptimmune Therapeutics, GeoVax Labs, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Enzolytics, Seres Therapeutics, Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding, Aebona Pharmaceuticals, and Charlotte's Web Holdings; and previously owned stock options in Amarin, Viking, and Moderna Pharmaceuticals; all outside the submitted work. Sa Singh reports support for the present manuscript from the Indian Council of Medical Research (project ID: 2021-6329). R Tabares-Seisdedos reports grants or contracts from Valencian Regional Government's Ministry of Education (PROMETEO/CIPROM/2022/58) and the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (PID2021-129099OB-I00) outside the submitted work; the funders were not involved in the design of the manuscript or decision to submit the manuscript for publication, nor will they be involved in any aspect of the study's conduct. J H V Ticoalu reports leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with Benang Merah Research Center (benangmerah.net) as co-founder outside the submitted work. M Zielińska reports other financial or non-financial interests as an Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease employee, outside the submitted work.
