凌晨2点,急诊室接诊一位高热、呼吸急促的老年患者。血常规显示白细胞升高,但CRP仅轻度升高,PCT却飙升至10 ng/mL。值班医生迅速判断:这不是普通肺炎,而是脓毒症早期!48小时后,血培养证实为革兰阴性菌感染。


这个案例揭示了PCT与CRP在感染诊断中的核心差异——敏感性、特异性、时间窗。本文将用临床真实数据+权威文献,拆解这对“黄金CP”的底层逻辑。

 

 

从分子结构看本质差异

01

PCT:细菌感染的“专属警报器”

 

来源:甲状腺C细胞、肺/肠道神经内分泌细胞(感染时全身释放)

 

结构:116个氨基酸糖蛋白,含N端、降钙素片段、C端

 

触发机制:细菌内毒素→IL-6/TNF-α→全身性PCT暴发(病毒干扰素抑制此通路)

 

02

CRP:炎症的“万能传感器”

 

来源:肝细胞主导(IL-6刺激合成),动脉粥样斑块、神经元也可局部产生

 

结构:五聚体环状蛋白,含磷酸胆碱结合位点

 

触发机制:任何组织损伤(感染、心梗、手术)→6小时内CRP上升

 

▶ 核心区别:

 

 

临床应用场景“四象限法则”

01

急诊鉴别

 

案例1(儿童发热):CRP 80 mg/L + PCT 0.1 ng/mL → 腺病毒肺炎(无需抗生素)

 

案例2(术后高热):CRP 150 mg/L + PCT 8 ng/mL → 腹腔脓毒症(立即升级抗生素)

 

图片

 

02

重症监测

 

PCT >10 ng/mL → 脓毒性休克死亡率↑4倍

 

CRP持续>100 mg/L → 感染未控制或并发脓肿

 

03

抗生素管理

图片

 

10大必知“潜规则”

“PCT阴性≠安全” :局部感染(如扁桃体炎)可能PCT正常

 

“CRP正常≠无感染” :免疫抑制患者可能CRP假阴性

 

肿瘤热陷阱:淋巴瘤可致PCT↑(机制未明)→需联合IL-6检测

 

术后监测:心脏手术后PCT>2 ng/mL提示感染(非手术反应)

 

真菌感染:侵袭性曲霉病PCT通常<1 ng/mL(区别于细菌)

 

病毒感染:CRP>50 mg/L需警惕合并细菌感染(如COVID-19继发肺炎)

 

儿科预警:新生儿PCT>2 ng/mL+CRP>8 mg/L→败血症概率>85%

 

自身免疫病:狼疮活动期CRP↑但PCT正常→警惕误判为感染

 

药物干扰:大剂量糖皮质激素可抑制CRP(不影响PCT)

 

检测误差:溶血标本致PCT假阳性,类风湿因子致CRP假高

 

最新共识推荐(2025版)

01

诊断路径

 

发热患者→首查CRP+PCT→CRP>100+PCT>2→立即血培养+广谱抗生素

 

02

经济性评估

图片

 

 

 

参考文献

 

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